The humble toothbrush: It’s a small tool, but one of the most important in maintaining good oral health. By removing plaque, it cleans your smile, freshens your breath, and keeps a host of tooth and gum diseases at bay. Manual toothbrushes were long the only option, but since electric toothbrushes hit the scene in the 60s, they’ve grown into a popular alternative.
Which is better? Both can be effective, but the better option depends on your unique circ*mstances and preferences. This guide breaks down all the important details, so you can pick the best brush for your smile.
Table of Contents
Manual vs. Electric Toothbrushes: How They Compare
The primary difference between manual and electric toothbrushes is how they operate. A manual toothbrush is one piece of plastic that includes a handle (often with rubber grips), a head, and bristles. You’ll position a manual brush at a 45-degree angle, then move it back and forth over the front, back, and chewing surfaces of each tooth. This process should take two minutes, twice per day.
An electric toothbrush does that work for you, using a small motor to move the brush head in an oscillating-rotating or up-and-down motion. There are many different models, but most are rechargeable and have replaceable brush heads. You don’t need to scrub with an electric toothbrush—just position the brush over each surface of each tooth. However, you should still brush twice per day for two minutes each time.
Both types of brush can keep your teeth healthy and clean when you use them properly. Here’s a quick breakdown of their similarities and differences.
| Manual | Electric | |
|---|---|---|
| Price | Less than $10 | $10–$300 |
| Brush actions per minute | 200–400 | 6,000–30,000 |
| Features | None | Depending on the model, brushing modes, pressure sensors, timers, bluetooth connectivity, mobile apps. |
| Replacements | Every 3–4 months, unless the bristles flare prematurely or you get sick. | Brush head: Every 3–4 months, unless the bristles flare prematurely or you get sick. Brush base: Every 3–5 years. |
| Accessibility | May be more difficult for children and people with limited mobility. | Easier to use for children and people with limited mobility. |
| Ideal Customer | People who prioritize affordability and simplicity | People who want extra features and additional brushing power |
Effectiveness Comparison
Recent studies have found that electric toothbrushes are more effective than manual ones at reducing plaque and gingivitis. One study even showed a 21% reduction in plaque and an 11% reduction in gingivitis for people who used an electric toothbrush instead of a manual one. That’s partially because they make more brush strokes per minute and reduce the chances of human error.
But whether you choose a manual or electric toothbrush, what really matters is your brushing routine, says the American Dental Association (ADA). Using a manual toothbrush consistently, for example, is much better for your teeth than using an electric one inconsistently. As long as you brush twice a day, every day, for two minutes per session, you’ll keep your teeth plaque free—no matter which type you have.
However, electric toothbrushes can be easier for children and people with disabilities or limited mobility, since they make the brushing motion for you.
Price Comparison
Manual toothbrushes are almost always the more affordable option. You’d be hard-pressed to find one for more than $10, while electric toothbrushes can cost anywhere from around $10 to $300.
You’ll need to replace your toothbrush or electric toothbrush head once every 3–4 months, on average. However, replacement electric brush heads are often around the same price as a manual brush, or slightly more. Your electric toothbrush base will last much longer—typically 3–5 years.
Longevity Comparison
As we mentioned earlier, you’ll need to replace your manual toothbrush or electric toothbrush head every 3–4 months, and your electric toothbrush base every 3–5 years. However, that’s just an average, and your brush might not last quite as long, depending on your habits.
You’ll want to keep a close eye on your bristles, since worn or frayed bristles are the primary sign of a brush that’s past its prime. Worn out bristles won’t clean your teeth nearly as well, so if you notice your bristles flaring out to the sides, replace your brush or brush head, no matter how old it is. You should also either disinfect or replace your brush after you’ve been sick, so you don’t re-introduce your body to those germs.
Which Should You Choose?
It’d be easy if one toothbrush was universally the best option for everyone, but that’s not the case. Choosing a brush is a deeply personal decision, so consider your teeth, budget, and preferences as you make your pick. If you’re unsure, ask your dentist for a recommendation.
Who Should Use a Manual Toothbrush?
If you’re sticking to a budget, have a consistent oral hygiene routine, and value simplicity over features, go with a manual brush.
Who Should Use an Electric Toothbrush?
If you want an easy-to-use brush with superior power, plus features like pressure sensors and brushing modes, an electric toothbrush might be the best option for you.
Final Thoughts
You can maintain a clean, healthy smile with either type of toothbrush — as long as you brush properly and consistently.
That said, it’s still important to get a brush that fits your mouth, priorities, and lifestyle, so do plenty of research and weigh your options carefully before choosing one.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do electric toothbrushes actually clean better?
Certain studies have shown that electric toothbrushes are better than manual ones at eliminating plaque and reducing gingivitis. But that doesn’t mean manual brushes are ineffective. As long as you use them the right way, keep them clean, and brush regularly, either type of toothbrush can help you achieve excellent oral hygiene.
Can electric toothbrushes damage your teeth?
As long as you use it correctly, an electric toothbrush won’t damage your teeth. Just make sure you’re following the instructions carefully, brushing gently, and using the correct bristle firmness (soft for most people).
How do I choose the right toothbrush?
Your budget is an important factor, since electric toothbrushes can range from $10 to around $300, and manual ones are much less expensive. But you should also consider the size of the head and bristle firmness as well, since comfort is key and using the wrong bristle type can harm your enamel.
If you want an electric toothbrush, think about which brushing motion—rotation or up-and-down—is more comfortable for you, as well as the features you want. Some have multiple brushing modes and some have a pressure sensor that warns you if you’re brushing too hard. If you’re struggling to decide, you can always ask your dentist or orthodontist for their recommendation.
Are electric toothbrushes safe for children?
Yes, they’re typically considered safe for children ages three and up. You’ll just want a brush designed specifically for children to ensure that the head is the right size and shape for your child’s mouth.
Is it better to have hard or soft bristles?
Dental professionals recommend soft-bristled toothbrushes for most people. Medium and hard bristles are great for removing plaque and food particles, but they can also harm the enamel or gums, especially if you brush too hard. Soft bristles still give you an excellent clean, without the added risk. Ask your dentist if you’re unsure which is the best option for you.
How often should I replace my toothbrush?
Manual toothbrushes and electric toothbrush heads typically last around 3–4 months. However, look for damaged or frayed bristles, a bad smell, or an unclean feeling on your teeth after brushing as signs that you need a new brush. You should also replace your toothbrush or electric toothbrush head after being sick, or if someone else uses it.
Where should I keep my toothbrush?
Whenever you’re not using your toothbrush, store it in an upright toothbrush holder away from other brushes. Place your holder out in the open, where it can air dry, and away from the toilet if possible.
How should I clean my toothbrush?
Rinsing it thoroughly with hot water and rubbing the bristles with your thumb after each cleaning, then letting it air dry, is effective for most people. But if you want to take it even further, you can use antiseptic mouthwash, denture cleaner, UV sanitizers, or a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Follow the directions carefully with any cleaner, and don’t soak it for longer than 15 minutes in mouthwash or the peroxide solution.
